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Avvocato Stefano Brustia a Roma

Stefano Brustia

"Avvocato di diritto commerciale", "Avvocato franchising", "Avvocato dello sport"

Informazioni generali

L'avvocato Brustia si è laureato con pieni voti presso l'Università degli Studi di Pavia nel 2000. È iscritto all'Albo degli Avvocati di Roma dal 2004. Opera prevalentemente nell'ambito del diritto commerciale, immobiliare e del diritto dello sport. Ha inoltre maturato una significativa esperienza nel settore degli arbitrati, assistendo come avvocato clienti italiani e stranieri in procedimenti arbitrali internazionali (ICC, TAS e CAM).

Esperienza


Franchising

In ambito giudiziale, fornisco soprattutto assistenza a ex franchisee; in ambito stragiudiziale, ho pure curato la predisposizione di contratti di affiliazione commerciale per imprese operanti nei settori della ristorazione, abbigliamento ed intermediazione immobiliare.


Diritto immobiliare

Fornisco assistenza e consulenza legale a privati e/o imprese su questioni relative all'ambito immobiliare. In questo specifico settore, nel corso dell'ultimo anno, sono stato coinvolto soprattutto nel contenzioso legato ai c.d. bonus edilizi sto assistendo assistendo soprattutto privati e condomini nelle dispute contro "general contractor", imprese edili e professionisti che non hanno correttamente adempiuto agli impegni contrattuali da loro assunti verso la committenza.


Diritto dello sport

Come avvocato, ho assistito note personalità del mondo dello sport e primarie istituzione sportive in contenziosi davanti al Tribunale Arbitrale dello Sport di Losanna e altri importanti organi di giustizia delle federazioni sportive internazionali (la International Court of Appeal della FIA, la International Court of Appeal della UIM, ecc.). Dal 2015 sono presidente del Disciplinary Committee della CMAS, la federazione sportiva internazionale riconosciuta dal CIO che sovraintende agli sport subacquei (apnea, nuoto pinnato, pesca sportiva, ecc.).


Altre categorie

Antitrust e concorrenza sleale, Marchi, Contratti, Arbitrato, Incidenti stradali, Tutela del consumatore, Diritto internazionale ed europeo, Diritto civile, Diritto di famiglia, Eredità e successioni, Separazione, Divorzio, Diritto commerciale e societario, Proprietà intellettuale, Recupero crediti, Diritto condominiale, Locazioni, Sfratto, Malasanità e responsabilità medica, Diritto ambientale, Arte e beni culturali, Industria dell'intrattenimento, Diritto dell'informatica, Risarcimento danni.



Credenziali

Pubblicazione legale

The Application of Good Faith in the Execution of Franchising and Distribution Agreements under Italian Law

Pubblicato su IUSTLAB

Introduction Good faith is a fundamental principle of Italian contract law, enshrined in Articles 1175 and 1375 of the Civil Code. It requires that parties to a contract act with loyalty and fairness at all stages, from its formation to its execution. This principle is of particular relevance in the context of franchising and distribution contracts, where the relationships between the parties can be characterised by a significant imbalance of bargaining power. Furthermore, Article 9 of Law No. 192/1998 establishes a prohibition on the exploitation of economic dependence. This legislation offers specific protection for the weaker party in a contractual relationship, such as a franchisee or distributor. The implementation of good faith in the performance of franchising and distribution contracts Franchising contracts: In the context of franchising contracts, the principle of good faith entails a mutual obligation on the part of the franchisor and the franchisee to collaborate in a fair and transparent manner, with a view to ensuring the success of the business. It is the responsibility of the franchisor to provide the franchisee with the necessary support, including training, assistance, and updates, in order to ensure the latter's ability to operate efficiently. Conversely, the franchisee is bound by the terms of the franchise agreement and is obliged to adhere to the franchisor's operational standards and directives. A breach of good faith may occur, for instance, if the franchisor imposes onerous contractual conditions or unilaterally modifies the economic terms of the contract without justification. In the context of distribution contracts, the principle of good faith is of particular significance. In the context of distribution contracts, the concept of good faith translates into a duty of cooperation between the supplier and the distributor. It is the responsibility of the supplier to ensure the uninterrupted provision of goods and services and to refrain from any actions that would impede the distributor's ability to conduct business operations. Conversely, the distributor is bound by contract to engage in the active and diligent promotion of the supplier's products. A breach of good faith may occur, for example, if the supplier unjustifiably interrupts supplies or imposes disadvantageous commercial terms on the distributor. The prohibition of economic dependence abuse under Article 9 of Law No. 192/1998 Article 9 of Law No. 192/1998 introduces the prohibition of economic dependence abuse, which occurs when one party exploits its dominant position to impose unjustified or burdensome contractual conditions on the other party, who finds itself in a situation of economic dependence. Economic dependence arises when a party, despite maintaining formal autonomy, is unable to access viable commercial alternatives and is therefore compelled to accept unfavorable contractual terms. Demonstrating Economic Dependence To demonstrate a situation of economic dependence, it is necessary to prove that one party lacks valid commercial alternatives in the market. Indicators of economic dependence include: High initial investment cos ts: If the franchisee or distributor has made significant investments to start the business, they may find themselves in a situation of economic dependence on the franchisor or supplier. Exclusivity obligations : If the franchisee or distributor is required to terminate relationships with other suppliers or brands, this could limit their contractual freedom and create a situation of dependence. Inability to find satisfactory alternatives in the market : If the franchisee or distributor does not have access to alternative suppliers or brands that can offer similar conditions, they may be in a situation of economic dependence. Economic Dependence Abuse Economic dependence abuse occurs when one party exploits the other party's dependence to impose unjustified or burdensome contractual conditions. Some examples of abuse include: Imposition of excessively burdensome contractual conditions : For instance, a franchisor requiring the franchisee to purchase goods or services at prices higher than market rates, exploiting its dominant position. Unjustified refusal to renew the contract : If the franchisor or supplier refuses to renew the contract without valid reason, knowing that the franchisee or distributor has no commercial alternatives, this could constitute economic dependence abuse. Arbitrary interruption of supplies : In the case of distribution contracts, a supplier who unjustifiably interrupts supplies, leaving the distributor without products to sell, could be accused of economic dependence abuse. The unilateral imposition of detrimental changes by one party to a contract may be considered an act of economic dependence abuse The unilateral imposition of detrimental changes by the franchisor or supplier may be regarded as an act of economic dependence abuse, particularly if such changes are implemented without justification and in a context where the franchisee or distributor lacks viable commercial alternatives. For example, a franchisor who unilaterally modifies the economic terms of the contract, requiring the franchisee to assume additional costs or reduce profit margins, could be accused of economic dependence abuse if the franchisee is in a situation of economic dependence and unable to readily exit the contract or identify viable alternatives in the market. The Legal Ramifications of Breaches of Good Faith and Economic Dependence Abuse A breach of good faith in the execution of a contract can have significant legal consequences. In the event of a breach, the aggrieved party may seek the termination of the contract on the grounds of non-performance, provided that the breach is of a serious nature and undermines the contractual balance. Moreover, the aggrieved party may seek redress for damages incurred as a result of the other party's unfair conduct. In the event of economic dependence abuse, the aggrieved party may petition for the nullification of the offending contractual clauses and seek damages. The case law has established that economic dependence abuse can also be regarded as a contravention of the principle of good faith when one party exploits its dominant position to impose unjustified or onerous contractual conditions. Conclusion Good faith is a fundamental principle that permeates the execution of franchising and distribution contracts, requiring the parties to act with loyalty and fairness. Article 9 of Law No. 192/1998, which introduces the prohibition of economic dependence abuse, provides additional protection for weaker parties, preventing one party from exploiting its dominant position to impose unjustified or burdensome contractual conditions. The unilateral imposition of detrimental changes can certainly constitute economic dependence abuse, especially if the franchisee or distributor is in a situation of economic dependence and lacks valid commercial alternatives. Stefano Brustia - Lawyer at the Rome Bar ****************************************************************** The information contained in this article is general in nature and does not constitute legal advice.

Caso legale seguito

Dichiarato nullo contratto di franchising con conseguente accoglimento della domanda di restituzione dell'importo versato a titolo di entry fee

Tribunale di Palermo, sentenza n. 713/2022

Il Tribunale di Palermo ha accolto le domande che avevo proposto per una piccola impresa che aveva incautamente sottoscritto un contratto di affiliazione commerciale che non forniva una precisa indicazione degli investimenti necessari ad avviare l'attività commerciale in franchising e che risultava altresì carente nella specificazione del know-how. Il contratto è stato dichiarato nullo ed il franchisor è stato condannato a restituire alla mia cliente l'importo versato a titolo di entry fee (€ 24.400), oltre interessi e spese legali.

Pubblicazione legale

Compensation for Antitrust Violations in the Italian Legal System: Probative Value, Damage Quantification Criteria, and Jurisdictional Competence

Pubblicato su IUSTLAB

Introduction The Italian legal system provides a crucial mechanism for compensating parties harmed by anti-competitive practices, including cartels, abuse of dominant position, and other conduct that violates competition law. This mechanism serves an important function in protecting the interests of those adversely affected by such practices. In Italy, such actions are governed by civil law, yet they intersect with decisions made by antitrust authorities, such as the Italian Competition Authority (hereinafter referred to as "AGCM"). These authorities play a crucial role in determining the existence of violations. Probative Value of Antitrust Authority Decisions in the Italian Context In Italy, decisions by antitrust authorities, such as the AGCM, that establish a violation of competition law are of significant probative value in civil proceedings for damages. In particular, Italian legislation, in accordance with Directive 2014/104/EU, transposed by Legislative Decree No. 3 of 19 January 2017, stipulates that infringements established by a national competition authority are to be regarded as conclusively proven for the purpose of civil compensation claims. This principle confers binding effect upon AGCM decisions in civil courts, thereby reducing the necessity for the issue of the violation to be re-examined during civil proceedings. This probative value simplifies the process for the injured party, who is no longer required to prove the existence of the violation but can instead focus on demonstrating the damage suffered and the causal link between the violation and the economic harm. However, the antitrust authority's decision does not exempt the injured party from the burden of proving the extent of the damage and the causal connection to the violation, which can still present significant challenges, especially in the absence of clear damage quantification. Criteria for Damage Quantification and Simplifications in Cartel Cases The process of quantifying damages resulting from antitrust violations is typically complex, as it necessitates the reconstruction of a counterfactual scenario. This is defined as the economic situation that would have materialised in the absence of the violation in question. Nevertheless, in instances of price-fixing cartels, the process of quantifying damages may be comparatively less complex than in other instances of antitrust violations. In such cases, the damage often takes the form of an overcharge paid by consumers or businesses due to the collusive agreement among cartel participants. In particular, the damages incurred can be calculated by comparing the actual price paid with the price that would have been paid in a competitive market. Although this type of analysis still necessitates technical expertise, it is more straightforward than in other situations where the damage is less evident or more challenging to isolate. To illustrate, in instances of price-fixing cartels, the immediate consequence of the infraction is the artificial elevation in prices, which renders it more straightforward to ascertain the injury sustained by those who procured goods or services at augmented costs. Nevertheless, even in these instances, certain challenges may emerge. For example, it may be challenging to ascertain the precise amount of the overcharge paid, particularly in complex markets or instances where prices are influenced by multiple factors. Furthermore, the quantification of damages may be complicated by the necessity to account for the pass-on of the overcharge along the distribution chain. In some cases, the overcharge may have been passed on to final consumers, which would serve to reduce the damage suffered by intermediate businesses. Joint Liability of Cartel Participants A significant aspect of cartel cases is the potential for seeking damages not only from the company with which the injured party had business dealings, but also from all companies participating in the cartel. This principle is based on the collective nature of the liability of companies involved in a cartel. In such cases, all companies participating in the anti-competitive agreement are jointly and severally liable for the damage caused, regardless of whether the injured party had direct dealings with all or only some of them. In other words, the injured party is entitled to seek compensation from any cartel participant, even in the absence of direct commercial relations with that company. This principle is based on the premise that all companies involved in the cartel contributed, through their collusive conduct, to the distortion of the market and the consequent harm to consumers or other businesses. Consequently, each company can be held liable for the entire damage suffered by the injured party, leaving the cartel participants to seek recourse among themselves through contribution actions. Competent courts for antitrust claims in Italy In Italy, actions for damages arising from antitrust infringements can be brought before ordinary civil courts. The territorial jurisdiction depends on the place where the damage occurred or on the domicile of the defendant. However, in the case of civil disputes relating to competition law infringements, the law provides that these cases should be brought before courts with specialised sections for commercial matters, the so-called " Tribunali delle Imprese ". These specialised commercial courts are located only in the the main Italian cities and have exclusive jurisdiction over any disputes pertaining to competition, company law and intellectual property. Statute of Limitations for Antitrust Compensation Claims In the context of antitrust violations, the statute of limitations for initiating a compensation claim is five years. Nevertheless, the starting point for the limitation period may differ depending on the circumstances. In particular, the limitation period commences upon the moment the injured party becomes aware, or should have become aware, of the violation and the damage sustained. In follow-on actions, that is to say, those that follow a decision by an antitrust authority, the statute of limitations may only commence on the date on which the AGCM's decision becomes final. This enables those who have sustained losses as a result of anti-competitive practices to pursue compensation claims even several years after the violation occurred. This is because such practices are often only uncovered following lengthy and complex investigations. Conclusions The compensation of damages resulting from antitrust violations in the Italian legal system, particularly in cases of price-fixing cartels, represents a crucial instrument for the protection of businesses and consumers who have sustained harm as a consequence of anti-competitive practices. The probative value of decisions by antitrust authorities, such as the AGCM, facilitates compensation claims. Furthermore, the collective liability of cartel participants allows injured parties to seek damages from any of the companies involved, regardless of direct commercial relations. However, the quantification of damages and the determination of the statute of limitations can present challenges that require careful legal and economic analysis. Stefano Brustia - Lawyer at the Rome Bar

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Avvocato Stefano Brustia a Roma

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Avv. Stefano Brustia
Via Crescenzio 58
Roma (RM)